The purpose of this study is to examine the causes, treatment, and the role of religion concerning mood disorders. To this end, the modifications in DSM–5 related to mood disorders were reviewed. In addition, the causes, treatment, and the role of religion regarding bipolar disorders and depressive disorders were explored from the perspectives of psychoanalysis, cognitive–behavior therapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy. In particular, intervention methods and points for consideration were examined and theological perspectives proposed regarding suicide crisis intervention. Moreover Christian counseling methodologies were proposed to enable people undergoing pain due to bipolar or depressive disorders to have religious experience of encountering the presence of Christ and thus being restored in their everyday lives.