This study conducted a latent transition analysis to classify school culture perceived by elementary school teachers into similar response patterns, identify the latent school culture profiles at different time points, and analyze how these profiles change over time and what factors influence such changes. Using data from the 1st to 3rd waves (2021-2023) of the Korean Teacher Longitudinal Study-Elementary School Teacher (KTLS-E), the main findings were as follows. First, the latent school culture profiles identified at each time point were three (stagnant/stable/vital school culture) in 2021 and 2023, and two (weakened/reinforced school culture) in 2022. Second, while latent school culture profiles generally transitioned into similar groups, transitions to different profiles were also observed. Third, factors influencing the classification of school culture profiles (gender, teaching experience, department head teacher status, school size, job stress, and teacher learning communities) showed differing significance across years. In 2021, all factors except department head teacher status were significant; in 2022, all factors except gender were significant; and in 2023, gender, department head teacher status, and teacher learning communities were significant. In analyzing the factors affecting transitions among latent school culture profiles, both job stress and teacher learning communities had a significant impact. This study is significant in that it confirmed the potential for change in school culture, and investigated factors that can drive such change, thus offering policy implications to create an effective school culture.