This study argues that current instruction of consumption action in elementary social studies relies too heavily on the rationality assumption of neoclassical economics and does not fully reflect the realities of consumption. In classrooms, “rational consumption” is often treated as the only standard, while other consumption experiences are regarded as irrational. To address this issue, this study draws on the economic-sociological perspective of Max Weber and proposes complementary instructional principles for the instruction of consumption action. Through a literature review, the study examined Weber’s concepts of “social action,” “understanding,” and “ideal type” and reconstructed them for elementary social studies education. The study derived four instructional principles. First, students should understand consumption action as a form of “social action” shaped through relationships with others. Second, instruction based on “understanding (Verstehen)” should help students explore the subjective motives behind consumption. Third, Weber’s four ideal types—goal-oriented, value-rational, affectual, traditional action—can help students classify and organize consumption experiences. Fourth, students should develop integrated social understanding by examining relationships among different forms of consumption. These principles complement existing rational decision-making education while also including ethical, emotional, and customary consumption. This study suggests that consumption should be understood not simply as spending, but as a social practice connecting individuals and society.