This study explores the patterns of caregiving gaps reflected in the smartphone use experiences of children raised by grandparents, examining their underlying meanings from the children's perspectives. Eight elementary school students attending community child centers in Gyeonggi Province were selected as primary participants, with five grandparents and five teachers included as secondary participants for data triangulation. Data were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding following Strauss and Corbin(1998) grounded theory procedures. The findings reveal that smartphones function as “digital surrogate caregivers,” mediating emotions, relationships, and learning amid caregiving gaps. Children utilize online environments—beyond their grandparents' technological reach —as an “invisible private space” to secure psychological autonomy, while relying deeply on smartphones as “digital transitional objects” to compensate for emotional deprivation. Additionally, “cognitive offloading” observed in learning contexts suggests potential constraints on developing self-directed learning and critical thinking skills. Based on these findings, this study recommends strengthening grandparents' digital intergenerational empathy competence, expanding community-based non-digital caregiving infrastructures, and developing specialized digital literacy programs to foster children's self-regulatory capabilities. Addressing caregiving gaps ultimately requires restoring environments where children experience genuine empathy and trust within authentic relationships.