Many K-12 schools in Korea select digital textbooks as the medium of instruction. There are
very few guidelines, however, when teachers use digital textbooks in their classrooms. When
teachers use digital textbooks, they should consider learners’ characteristics, such as
self-efficacy. Since digital textbooks allow self-directed learning, learners could easily lose their
confidence and motivation. Moreover, understanding the concept of “teaching presence,” or a
learner’s perception of being present in or as a part of the teaching-learning process, is
important because learners’ accomplishments and perceptions could differ according to their
perception of teachers’ roles.
Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate how the learners\' academic self-efficacy,
computer self-efficacy, and teaching presence affect learning achievement and satisfaction. In
addition, this study examined the mediating effect of teaching presence between learner’s
self-efficacy and learning outcomes. Participants were 89 fifth-grade students in D-elementary
school in Incheon, Korea. They responded to the following surveys: academic self-efficacy,
computer self-efficacy, teaching presence, and satisfaction. Judd & Kenny (1981)’s mediation
analysis approach using correlation and multiple regression analyses were applied to this study.
Findings showed a correlation between academic self-efficacy, teaching presence, satisfaction
and achievement; however, no correlation was found between computer self-efficacy and
achievement. Teaching presence mediates academic self-efficacy, computer self-efficacy, and
learning outcomes, but does not mediate learner\'s self-efficacy and achievement.