Increasingly we are finding that our learners in educational context
have greater need for higher-level thingking skills, such as problem- solving skills, learning strategies, critical thinking skills, inquiry skills, and metacognitive skills. Higher-level thinking skills are based on the abilities to analyze, synthesize, and evaluate.
The purpose of this study is to review and analyze the instructional strategies and instructional development in instructional design for higher-level thinking skills. Reigeluth & Leshin(1992) suggested the following instructional development steps for teaching higher-level thinking skills. 1. Plan the instruction: a. plan the instructional strategies and tactics b. Plan the instructional format 2. Determine final media selection 3. Write practice and test items, presentation, and review 4. Specify instructional management plan.
In planning the instructional strategies and tactics, simple-to-complex sequencing, deductive and inductive presentations are very effective strategies and tactics for teaching higher-level thinking skills. Planinng the instructional format is also considered as the effective and efficient instructional development for higher-level thinking skills.