This study is aimed at examining the chronological changes on physique and health-related fitness of the
lower grade of children in Jinju for five years. The chronological t test was conducted to measure changes of
physique and health-related fitness between 2007 and 2012 targeting 673 elementary 1st, 2nd, and 3rd grades
(349 boys and 324 girls) in Jinju. The results are as follows: First, in the case of physique, all grades of girls
as well as boys 1st grade have a tendency to decrease in the height. It tends to increase the weight of
overall boys, and the weight of girls 1st grade increases. However, girls 2nd and 3rd grades have a tendency
to decrease in the weight. BMI is showed to tend to grow for both girls and boys, but only girls 3rd grade
declines in BMI. Second, in health-related fitness, there is significant decrease of 1st grade compared with 2nd
and 3rd grades. For 1st grade, boys' muscular strength, muscular endurance and cardiovascular endurance
seem to decline, in addition, girls' muscular strength and cardiovascular endurance decreases. For 2nd and
3rd grades, it is showed that both groups grow in muscular endurance and cardiovascular endurance. It
presents tending to decrease in flexibility of boys, on the other hand, girls tend to increase in flexibility.