This study investigated the relationships among individual training benefits, organizational social support, motivation to learn, motivation to transfer, and transfer of training with a sample of employees in SMEs(Small and Medium sized Enterprises). The study also examined whether these relationships were different in groups between voluntary participation and mandatory participation. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. It found that the research model(the individual training benefits and organizational social support influence both directly and indirectly on transfer of training) was relevant to the data. In addition, the voluntary group and mandatory group showed different relationships among variables. The study found that the perceived training benefits influence transfer of training through the motivation to learn and motivation to transfer in both groups. Moreover, the results showed that the motivation to transfer positively affects transfer of training. However, the variables related to organizational social support in two groups were found to differently affect motivation to learn, motivation to transfer, and transfer of training. Based on the results of this study, issues are discussed.