The Republic of Korea (hereafter Korea) has achieved remarkable development of education over the last six decades. From a quantitative dimension, for example, it has reached universal education at the primary and secondary levels within a half century, while entering the stage of universal education at the postsecondary level where more than 60 percent of high school graduates goes on to. From a qualitative dimension, the educational condition in terms of class size and pupil/teacher ratio has reached the equivalent level of conditions of member countries of the Organization for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD). In addition, Korean students outperform their counterparts in other countries in international achievement studies including the Trend in Mathematics and Sciences Study (TlMSS) and the Program for International Student Achievement (PISA).