The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the child care support
policies and the birth rate in 33 OECD countries. In the structural equation modelling, the
birth rate was the dependent variable while the cash-support policies, the child-care
facility service policies, and the tax benefits policies were the independent variables. The
analysis showed that the most effective factor on the birth rate was the child-care facility
service policies. Regarding the effectiveness of the policy expenses, the cash-support
policies showed stable fluctuation of effectiveness according to the fluctuation of cash
amount, the child-care facility service policies. In conclusion, in order to increase the
effectiveness of the cash-support policies, the adequate cost calculation to decrease the
parents' burden for child-bearing, re-allocation of budget, and support methods and
timing should be continually discussed. In addition, for the better effectiveness of the
facility service policies, more various, comprehensive and high-quality facility service
policies that could balance home and work, should be implemented.