The Jardin Royal des plantes m?dicinales(Le Royal Jardin of medical plants), established in 1635 by Louis XIII, becomes the Mus?um d‘Histoire Naturelle(the Natural History Museum) in 1793. Its goal was to allow medical students and to pharmaceutical students to complete their theoretical education by practical studies on plants. Since then, it has been the place where exotic plants, such as coffee, tea and cacao, have being cultivated. And it has also become an exceptional conservatory in the world, rich in witness whereof the various natural science. Meanwhile, public lectures were well known, which have been given by the great scientists. Missions of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle can be summarized in 3 points： 1) the fundamental and applied recherche 2) the conservation and the enrichment of collections 3) the diffusion of knowledge to the publics In this paper, we have focused on the cultural and pedagogical actions. In this Museum, many programs are proposed, especially for the group visitors. They choose, first of all, one of places or laboratories that are attached to the Museum. All programs are coded and each one is classified in 5 levels since primary pupils to the adults. Some programs are accessible to persons in visual or hearing deficient. Proposed programs are; the guided visit, the workshop(discovery workshop, scientific practices workshop), Museum-Class, encounters with nature and Thursdays of Museum. All these programs allow the public to approach to the Museum, in particular to children. Thus, they become acquainted with this place and it could bring them to be interested in natural sciences. Being different from the other institutions exclusively oriented to the exhibition, the Mus?um National d'Histoire Naturelle of France shows well the social role of the museum that diffuse knowledge to the public.