신앙기반(faith-based) 사회복지기관들에 대한 미국 연방정부자금 지원정책의 사회통합적인 함의

도승자

서지반출

국문초록

지역사회의 주요 기능을 담당하는 가장 영향력이 있는 사회기관중의 하나인 종교기관은 사회통합을 추구하기위한 노력의 일환으로 빈곤 등의 심각한 사회문제 해결에 항상 앞장서 왔다. 가톨릭자선회(Catholic Charities), 루터란 사회복지서비스(Lutheran Social Services), 구세군(The Salvation Army), 유대인가족지원서비스(Jewish Family Services) 등의 국가적 혹은 세계적 수준의 큰 규모와 종파적 이름을 가진 사회복지단체들과 지역연합체들이 오랫동 안 공공자금을 정부로부터 지원받아 온 것은 사실이다(재인용, Ebaugh, et. al., 2003:411). 그러나 이러한 종교적인 배경을 가진 큰 규모의 지역사회복지기관들은 사회복지활동을 전개 하는 데 있어서 보다 큰 전문성을 도입하는 과정에서 점점 더 비종교적인(secular) 사회복지 기관들과 유사한 조직체계와 행정적인 구조를 갖추게 되었다. 즉, 미국 내의 특정 종교단체 로부터 재정과 운영 면에서 직접적인 후원을 받으면서 유지되는 지역사회복지기관들 [이하 신앙기반기관(faith-based organization)으로 약칭함]의 대다수는 정부로부터의 자금을 지원받 기 위하여 사회복지서비스 행정체계를 종교기관과는 분리시킨 별도의 조직으로서 운영하여왔 다. 다른 한편, 종교적인 성격을 보다 강하게 보유한 지역사회프로그램을 운영하는 경우에는 사회복지서비스를 전달하는 데 있어서 정부의 간섭이나 통제를 받지 않기 위하여 공적인 자 금을 전혀 받지 않고 독립적인 비영리단체를 설립하여 신앙기반사회복지시설로 운영하는 경 우가 흔하였다. 그러므로 대다수의 종교적인 색채가 강하고 취약한 재정구조를 갖는 소규모의 신앙기반기관들은 지역사회문제 해결에 큰 영향력을 발휘하지 못하고 제한된 역할을 담당하 여 왔다.

배경 설명
건강한 지역사회를 위한 신앙기반 지역사회복지기관들의 역할
미국의 복지개혁과 ‘자비로운 보수주의(Compassionate Conservatism)’
신앙기반 사회복지기관들의 특성과 효과성
사회통합을 위한 신앙지역사회(faith communities)의 공헌
한국의 사회복지사의 역할과 신앙기반복지정책에 대한 함의
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