This study aimed two things. The first was to examine the theoretical backgrounds of Object-based learning(OBL, hereafter) as a teaching and learning model for museum education. The theoretical backgrounds of the object-based learning are grounded, first, on constructivist epistemology in which individual learner's perspectives and experiences were valued along with contextual learning environments. Followed were the analysis of Inquiry-based learning and flow theory apt for the other theoretical backgrounds of the Object-based learning. The second purpose of this study was to present a case of a museum education program developed and implemented according to the object-based learning. The case study which was conducted for the children of 3-10 years for three month sin the Museum of Deoksugung Palacetargeted two educational objectives of both ‘learning of the objects' and ‘learning through objects' And the results of the case study presented highly positive educational possibilities of OBL for the young children, even when the exhibition of the museum has dealt with rather heavy topics andera. Based upon the results of the case, this study emphasized the importance of understanding and application of learning theory premisedon the development of a museum educational program, especially, thato fobject-based learning approach distinctively proper and highlighting the unique features of museum education as both life-long learnng and informal learning.