Using a sample from the Korea Youth Panel Survey, conducted by the Korea Institute for Youth Development, this study analyzes school adjustment of junior high students. In considering the nature of adolescents and schools, school adjustment for adolescents has great significance from the education and development perspectives. However, since adolescents belong to many types of social environment, there is a limit to explaining school adjustment simply. Therefore this study examines how and to what degree personal relations, self-awareness, maladjustment mentality, and school performance influence school adjustment. For analysis, 5 latent variables and 12 observed variables are organized into a structural equation model. The finding of this study confirms the main factors influencing school adjustment of junior high students and their connections. It will provide a framework for promoting the sound development of adolescents, and in raising educational efficiency.