The mainstream of the community practice in Korea has been focused
on helping an individual or a family more by mobilizing community
resources than by changing community systems. The purpose of this
study is to introduce alternative approaches at macro-level of community
practice and research, which are Comprehensive Community
Initiatives (CCIs), Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR)
and Theory-based evaluation. The CCIs assume that community systems
interact one another horizontally and vertically, and its practice
evolves comprehensively and multi-layeredly. The CBPR and the
Theory-based evaluation are regarded as more suitable research approaches
to evaluate the CCIs than the traditional methods, i.e. experimental
or quasi-experimental model. Nevertheless, it is necessary
to study more empirically how these alternative approaches can
be utilized in the Korean community context.