This study explored the ways to improve the effectiveness of in-service teacher training by
utilizing transfer of training. Using the questionnaire survey data on the perceptions of 174
teachers and administrators who participated in Creative Management School Forum (2013), we
analyzed the structural relationship between transfer of training and related variables
(self-motivation, program traits, and learning outcomes) by using a Structural Equation
Modeling (SEM).
The main findings are as follows. First, perceptions on the program traits (goal setting and
job association) are directly related to learning outcomes and transfer of training; and the effects
of perception on transfer of training were statistically significant. Second, self-motivation
indirectly influenced transfer of training, mediated by program traits and learning outcomes.
Third, though learning outcomes have been frequently utilized to estimate the effectiveness of
teacher training programs, the results indicate that learning outcomes are not strongly related to
transfer of training.
In conclusion, these findings suggest that estimating transfer of training can be useful to
analyze effectiveness of teacher training programs, and that attention is needed to designing and
operating training programs.