1. Introduction 21 
2. The Korean Biotechnology Industry 24 
Facts and Figures  24 
Industrial Development Process  29 
3. Building a Scientific Knowledge Base in Biotechnology and Transferring It to Industry : A General View  38 
Government R&D Investments  39 
Building a Scientific Knowledge Base at Universities and GRIs  43 
Tr an sferrin g It to Firms  47 
4. Bui lding a Scient i f ic Knowledge Base in Biotechnology and Transferring It to Industry : Key Scientists  56 
Zucker and Darbys Studies  57 
Key Scientists  59 
The Role of Key Scientists in Commercializing Biotechnology  63 
5. National Innovation Systemas a Normative Model in the Biotechnology Industry 67 
Commercialization of Biotechnology in the United States  67 
Generalizability of the US Model  70 
A Hypothetical Model of Innovation System in the Biotechn ology Industry  74 
Reviewing the Korean Innovation System in the Biotechnology Industry from the Hypothetical Model Perspective  80 
6. Conclusion  91 
References  95