The study aimed to investigate Influences of aerobic exercise on brain activation for elementary school students. To this end, the author measured brain wave before and after aerobic exercise of long distance running and walking for 8 weeks-three times each week, 20 minutes each time with 22 students(experimental group 12, control group 10) in 4-6th grade, elementary school who were permitted from their protectors. change in activation of Beta wave, during stable time, During doing intensive task, there was effect of interaction of time and group on left of occipital lobe(O1) under condition of Encoding of SMR; on right of frontal lobe(F4) and right of occipital lobe(O2) under condition of Retrieval. Under condition of Encoding of M-Beta wave, there was significant difference between times on frontal lobe(F3, F4), right of parietal lobe(P4); under condition of Retrieval, there was significant difference between times on frontal lobe(F3, F4), lateral frontal lobe(F7, F8), and parietal lobe(P3, P4). Under condition of Encoding of H-Beta wave, there was significant difference between times on frontal lobe(F3, F4), lateral frontal lobe (F7, F8), parietal lobe(P3, P4), and right of occipital lobe(O2); significant difference between groups on lateral frontal lobe(F7, F8); effect of interaction of time and group on right of lateral frontal lobe(F8). Under condition of Retrieval, there was significant difference between times on frontal lobe(F3, F4), right of lateral frontal lobe(F8), parietal lobe(P3, P4), occipital lobe(O1, O2).