The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to systematically and objectively measure client
resistance throughout the entire process of art therapy based on the perceptions of art therapists. We
reviewed previous literature and scales regarding treatment resistance and collected treatment resistance case
studies experienced by 31 art therapists. Item content validity was verified by four experts in art therapy.
Item adequacy of expression was verified by a specialist in Korean literature. The initial questionnaire
comprised 80 questions. After 192 art therapists completed the questionnaire, a factorial analysis was
conducted. As a result, a scale of 39 questions consisting of five factors was developed. Results of the
confirmatory factor analysis proved that the factor structure was stable as well. Factor 1 was named
‘resistance to emotional awareness and expression’, Factor 2 ‘resistance to therapists’ interventions or
therapists themselves’, Factor 3 ‘emotional overdependence and non-spontaneity’, Factor 4 ‘resistance to
problem recognition and change’, and Factor 5 ‘avoidance of opening oneself’. Cronbach’s α for the whole
scale was .940, and Cronbach’s α of each subfactor was .895, .869, .857, .866, and .827, respectively. The
split-half reliability of the entire scale was .907, while that of the subfactors was .898, .841, .883, .836, and
.791, respectively, indicating satisfactory reliability. Moreover, verification of the content validity of the client
treatment resistance scale showed relatively satisfactory validity.