The purpose of this study is to analyze the similarity and differences of rules and techniques for turn-taking in the classrooms of ‘Bada' elementary school in Korea and ‘Yokohama' elementary school in Japan. To solve this purpose, this study examined some of applications and violations of McHoul's rules found in video recordings of naturally occurring classroom talk of both elementary schools. The study employed a micro-ethnographic method to analyze the data collected by participant observation. The results and conclusions are as follows. 1) The lessons of ‘Bada' elementary school had more the potential for overlap than those of ‘Yokohama' elementary school. So it can be considered that the lessons of ‘Yokohama' elementary school have more the possibility of maintaining the order of classroom than those of ‘Bada' elementary school. 2) The teachers of ‘Yokohama' elementary school made much account of the student's individual participation and contributions in the reconstruction process of curriculum knowledge. Compared with those of ‘Yokohama' elementary school, the teachers of ‘Bada' elementary school looked upon as important the students' collective participation and contributions in the co-producing classroom knowledge.