Purpose: This study was done to identify the factors influencing health behavior in elderly patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: The study participants were 145 patients with chronic low back pain who attended an orthopedic surgery outpatient clinic in Seoul. The questionnaire was composed of general characteristics, back pain related characteristics, pain, depression, family support, and health behavior. Results: The mean scores were 6.54 for back pain, 6.21 for depression, 37.25 for family support and 97.90 for health behavior. There were significant correlations between pain and depression, between family support and health behavior, between pain and family support, between pain and health behavior, between health depression and family support, and between health depression and health behavior. The factors influencing health behavior of elderly patients with chronic low back pain were depression and family support. Conclusion: The findings suggest that elderly patients with chronic low back pain need interventions to promote positive health behavior by decreasing depression and improving family support.