This study tried to confirm the structural relationship between emotional intelligence and academic grit in the relationship between social support and academic self-efficacy of adolescents, and to analyze the differences between groups through multi-group analysis of alternative school groups and general school groups. For this purpose, a survey was conducted by random sampling 472 adolescents enrolled in the G region. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21, and the research model was found to be suitable. As a result of the analysis, social support had a significant effect on academic self-efficacy, and the partial mediating effect of emotional intelligence and academic grit conducted by Bootstrapping using Phantom variables was also significant. Therefore, since adolescent social support directly affects academic self-efficacy, it was confirmed that the multidimensional support of parents, teachers, and friends who constitute the learner s surroundings is necessary. In the multi-group analysis of the alternative school group and the general school group, it was found that there were no significant differences between groups in the structural relationships of social support, academic self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, and academic grit. And based on the results, discussions on learning counseling and peer counseling to improve academic self-efficacy and social support in adolescence were presented.