Recently, as issues such as emotional difficulties, interpersonal conflicts, and school violence among students have intensified in schools, the need for social and emotional learning has been increasingly emphasized, leading to its expansion at the policy level in Korea. However, in actual school settings, there is still a lack of concrete discussion on how to integrate social and emotional learning with the curriculum and apply it in classroom. This study explores the relationship between Korean social and emotional learning and its core competencies through art activities in the 2022 revised elementary subject “Pleasant Life.” Based on this, a teaching–learning plan for first- and second-grade students is proposed. The conclusions are as follows. Social and emotional learning should not be treated as an add-on outside the curriculum, but rather should be embedded within it. It needs to be understood not as the transmission of knowledge, but as process formed through learners’ experiences and interactions. Furthermore, in this process, art functions not as a supplementary tool, but as a core activity base through which social and emotional competencies are actually developed. This study is significant in that it proposes a practical model for integrating social and emotional learning into the formal curriculum and provides a foundation for its future expansion and classroom implementation.