This study examines the process through which the meaning of “elements” came to be
established in the way we understand them today. While “elements” is a terminology which
cannot be overlooked in chemistry that deals with materials, it did not come into use only until
the modern times. Elements became an important theme once humanity began to focus
attention on the changing processes of nature. The meaning of “elements” differed greatly from
what it has come to mean today: it had different meanings throughout the ages, and it is only
since the 19th century that it has come to have the meaning that prevails today.
In order for the modern concept of “elements” to be established -- that is, pure material that
cannot be separated down to any simpler matter through chemical methods -- it had to be
disassociated from the Aristotelian basic element that was to be found in all matter. In the
process, it became associated and disassociated with various meanings, such as, “mystic
power,” “non-ponderable matter,” or “phlogiston,” that came to be formed under the different
views of nature that came into prominence at different times.
The constitution of elements in the concept it is today was preceded by the establishment of
materialistic practices of mechanical philosophy and the development of analytical and
quantitative experiments as the means to understand the nature.
This study traces the course of conceptual change “elements” have undergone since the
Renaissance, when the interest in material change by human intervention emerged as an
important part of the endeavour for knowledge untill the moment it came to be established in
its modern meaning in the 19th century. In the course of this research, we re-affirm that elements
were understood differently in different eras, reflecting the varying views of nature and material
of the times. At the same time, we clarify the meaning of elements as we use the term today.