This study interprets the meaning of the work and child care of women in the context of Jeju's traditional families. The characteristics of families, women, and child care in the Jeju since 1970's were preliminary investigated, and the literature on the tradition of the Jeju was reviewed. The traditional families of the Jeju pursued economical effectiveness/ independence hence families of fathers and sons organized each separate family, and resided in separated houses in the same building area. The families normally lived in main houses/buildings, which is called as 'An-Ger-Ri' and small and annex houses, 'Barg-Ger-Ri' respectively. This family system in the Jeju takes the advantages of large/extended families and nuclear/small families, and compensates disadvantages of the two family systems (i.e., large and nuclear family systems). Also the family system of the Jeju affects the work and child care of Jeju Women. For many women in the Jeju, physical labor was the only way to make a living and they should overcome a difficult situation, which is doing physical labor and child care at the same time. It was found that: 1) the work and child care of women of the Jeju are closely related to the history, natural environment, and family characteristics/system of the Jeju; 2) independent and collaborative child care by women, and superstition-dependent child care were developed in the Jeju.