This study attempted to examine the organization and activities of education NGOs from the aspects of the decision making structure, the degree of participation by citizens, networking and partnerships among NGOs, finance, and identity and specialization. The study employed three research methods: case studies of eight education NGOs; a questionnaire survey of 494 education NGO activists, education government officers, professors in the field of education, parents and teachers; and interviews with 11 concerned persons. Major decisions of education NGOs are made by a small group of core activists or steering and/or executive committee without being based on the opinions of a wide range of their membership. And in joint organizations, only few groups actively participate in the decision-making process. The level of citizen's participation in the education NGOs is low and the membership has not increased recently. All those involved, except the educational government officers, recognized the importance of strong joint activities between the various NGOs, but they are currently facing the problems of passive participation due to a weak basis of individual organizations, the shift of a secretariat, conflicts among organizations originating from diverse perspectives, and the influence of National Teacher Labor Union. Since a majority of organizations depend solely on membership fees for their management, their financial situation tends to be very poor. Also, the ideological inclinations of education NGOs are not clearly defined and they are weak in their identity building.