This study aims to find out the learning behavior of elementary school students outside school and the characteristics of their learning culture. To achieve these study purposes, the study proposed the following questions:
First, how do elementary school students study in learning spaces outside school? Second, what are the characteristics of elementary school students\' learning culture, which is displayed outside school?
To find the answers to these questions, this study designated long- and short-term study groups in elementary schools in an urban area and in a rural area, respectively.
The results of the interviews are summarized as follows:
First, the students\' learning behavior outside school consisted of memorizing and repetition-oriented learning, accomplishing tiresome and tedious homeworks, and enrolling in private academies so as to get better grades.
Second, the characteristics of the subject students\' learning culture included a passive attitude toward studying with respect to the subject of study, exam-oriented study, following their peers\' example with respect to study methods, textbook-based study, and studying in actual spaces and cyber space with respect to study spaces.