In May 2008, the New Zealand Government formally acknowledged the dedicated services of the New Zealand Regular Force personnel deployed during the Vietnam War, and the many servicemen and women who supported them in their mission. The Government also extended to New Zealand Vietnam veterans and their families an apology for the manner in which their service had not been recognized in a suitable and timely manner and for inadequate support for them and their families after returning home from the conflict. This article reviews the background of the New Zealand Government\'s belated apology, the process by which Vietnam veterans\' sought compensation over the impact of Agent Orange and the specific policy measures to reward the Vietnam veterans. This could provide useful references for Korea when the government establishes a veterans’ affairs policy for Korean Vietnam War veterans.
Korea sent about 320,000 soldiers compared with New Zealand’s approximately 3,900 personnel. Despite the size of dispatched forces, compensating and assisting Agent Orange victims and providing better treatment for the veterans are common tasks for Vietnam War participant countries. Thus, the New Zealand case is a useful example for Korea\'s national patriots and veterans’ affairs policy.
In 1984 the American Vietnam War veterans won the case vis-à-vis the US Government and the US chemical companies for Agent Orange compensation, and this encouraged the New Zealand Government’s re-evaluation of its Vietnam War participation. Even though the US case proved that there is direct relevance between Agent Orange and particular diseases, the New Zealand Government initially did not officially acknowledge the possibility of New Zealand veterans\' exposure. This motivated the Ex-Vietnam Services Association (EVSA) and the Royal New Zealand Returned and Services’ Association (RNZRSA) to raise this issue with the New Zealand Government and Parliament. In October 2004, it was finally acknowledged that veterans were exposed to Agent Orange.
The Joint Working Group, composed of the EVSA, RNZRSA, New Zealand Ministry of Defence and Department of Veterans Affairs, held a series of meetings from 2005 to address the demands of the Vietnam veterans. In December 2006, the Parties agreed that they should sign a Memorandum of Understanding to formalise the position reached on assisting veterans. The New Zealand Government\'s policy towards the Vietnam veterans, apology, compensation and remedy, is based fundamentally on this MOU. Regarding Agent Orange compensation, the New Zealand Government decided to make a one-off ex gratia payment of $40,000 to each Vietnam veteran suffering from a \'Prescribed Condition\' in addition to the general treatment. There are about 2,800 veterans still alive and about 1,300 veterans receive the War Disablement Pension.
The Crown apology and compensation for the Vietnam veterans and their families was
encouraged by the long-term efforts of the EVSA and RNZRSA to appeal to public opinion, and to change government policy. As allies during the Vietnam War, Korea and New Zealand should cooperate to share information and experiences in dealing with Agent Orange issues and improving the living conditions of Vietnam veterans.