The purpose of this study was to present the need of the military human resources development through making school-military-work transition work to respond the knowledge-based economy and to prepare individuals for the lifelong learning. The contents of this paper covered as follows. Firstly, the need for the military human resources development was examined and a framework of the school-military-work transition was introduced. The existing studies on the school-to-work transition do not fully consider the unique situation of Korea, where young men must serve in the military. It needs to be approached with school-military-work transition framework because most Korean men serve in the military in the middle of school-to-work transition. Secondly, the current status and problems of the school-military-work were discussed on the basis of the survey results of 1,200 soldiers. The current status and problems of the military manpower acquisition and assignment system(school-to-military transition stage), the military education and training support system(the preparation stage), and the military education and training recognition system(military-to-work transition stage) were examined. Thirdly, the tasks to support the military human resources development were suggested. The military needs to actively participate in human resources development to prepare manpower for the lifelong learning society and to enhance national competitiveness